Learn English with BBC Podcasts

• ☐ ☐ ☐ emerge [v] - be discovered
• ☐ ☐ ☐ verbal skills [n] - language skills
• ☐ ☐ ☐ joint [adj] - combined
• ☐ ☐ ☐ chronic [adj] - occurring again and again
• ☐ ☐ ☐ exposure [n] - touched by
• ☐ ☐ ☐ harm [v] - injure
• ☐ ☐ ☐ cognitive [adj] - related to thinking
• ☐ ☐ ☐ performance [n] - ability
• ☐ ☐ ☐ monitor [v] - watch
• ☐ ☐ ☐ pollutants [n] - dangerous chemicals, pollution
• ☐ ☐ ☐ publish [v] - print (some writing) and give to the public
• ☐ ☐ ☐ significant [adj] - large
• ☐ ☐ ☐ a drop [n] - a decrease
• ☐ ☐ ☐ average [adj] - middle, normal
• ☐ ☐ ☐ equivalent to [exp] - equal to
• ☐ ☐ ☐ enormous [adj] - very large
• ☐ ☐ ☐ degenerative [adj] - causing decay, getting worse
• ☐ ☐ ☐ previous [adj] - before
• ☐ ☐ ☐ particularly [adv] - especially
• ☐ ☐ ☐ striking [adj] - surprising, shocking
• ☐ ☐ ☐ come out [phv] - finish the study, get a result
• ☐ ☐ ☐ put forward [phv] - give, suggest
• ☐ ☐ ☐ manual [adj] - physical labor
• ☐ ☐ ☐ exposed [adj] - put in danger
• ☐ ☐ ☐ toxic [adj] - poisonous, bad
• ☐ ☐ ☐ surely [adv] - definitely, of course
• ☐ ☐ ☐ rural [adj] - countryside
• ☐ ☐ ☐ fumes [n] - gases
• ☐ ☐ ☐ tissues [n] - brain material
• ☐ ☐ ☐ regulate [v] - control
• ☐ ☐ ☐ shrink [v] - make smaller
• ☐ ☐ ☐ vulnerable [adj] - in a weak or dangerous position
• ☐ ☐ ☐ implications [n] - effects
• ☐ ☐ ☐ hit the headlines [exp] - be in the news

[n] - noun,  [v] - verb,  [phv] - phrasal verb,  [adj] - adjective,  [exp] - expression

---

1. Air pollution can ______.
   harm your lungs
   harm your breathing
   harm your thinking
   harm your nose
   
   
2. The study measured people's ______ and ______ skills.
   math
   musical
   language
   reading
   
   
3. People exposed to high levels of pollution ______ than unexposed people.
   had slightly lower test scores
   had much lower test scores
   had the same test scores
   took longer to complete tests
   
   
4. The study also showed that pollution ______.
   can increase the risk of other diseases
   makes people age faster
   causes lung degeneration
   is not related to lung disease
   
   
5. ______ and ______ tended to do worse in the study.
   Elderly men
   Educated men
   Pregnant women
   Less educated people
   
   
6. These groups do worse because they ______.
   work outside in big cities
   work outside on the farms
   stay inside and don't get fresh air
   can't afford to buy filters and masks
   
   
7. The majority of deaths in India related to air pollution occur ______.
   in urban areas
   in rural areas
   
   
8. In the brain, white matter ______.
   fights disease
   controls memories
   regulates breathing
   controls math and language
   
   
9. Air pollution _______ the amount of white matter in the brain.
   increases
   decreases
   
   
10. ______ in the world are breathing polluted air.
    19% of all people
    59% of all people
    90% of all people
    99% of all people
    
    

---

Directions: Write sentences about the video clip using the words given. You can change the word form or add words, but you cannot change the word order.
( ) = optional   [ ] = necessary

Instrucciones: Escriba oraciones sobre el videoclip usando las palabras dadas. Puede cambiar la forma de la palabra o agregar palabras, pero no puede cambiar el orden de las palabras.

Instrucciones: Escreva orações sobre o videoclipe usando as palavras-chave. Você pode alterar a forma da palavra ou adicionar palavras, mas não pode alterar a ordem das palavras.

지시 : 주어진 단어를 사용하여 비디오 클립에 대한 문장을 씁니다. 어형을 변경하거나 단어를 추가할 수 있지만 어순은 변경할 수 없습니다.

air / you / breathe / could / damage / intelligent

The air (that/which) you breathe could damage your intelligence.

in / four / year / study / scientist / close / monitor / math / verbal / skill / 20,000 / person / China

In a four-year study, scientists closely monitored the math and verbal skills of 20,000 people in China.

they / find / high / pollution / level / lead / significant / drop / test / score

They found (that) high pollution levels [led/leads] to a significant drop in test scores.

the / long / people / expose / air / pollution / the / more / cognitive / performance / decline

The longer people [are/were] exposed to air pollution, the more their cognitive performance [declines/declined].

study / also / suggest / pollution / increase / risk / degenerative / disease / such / Alzheimer’s

The study also suggested (that) pollution increases the risk of degenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s.

elder / man / and / less / educate / person / most / severe / affect / by / air / pollution

Elderly men and less educated people [are/were] most severely affected by air pollution.

man / more / likely / work / outdoor / manual / job / so / they / more / likely / expose / toxic / air

Men are more likely to work outdoors in manual jobs, so they are more likely to be exposed to toxic air.

75 / percent / death / India / relate / air / pollution / be / rural / area

75 percent of deaths in India (that are) related to air pollution are in rural areas.

white / matter / brain / which / control / mathematic / language / skill / decrease / by / air / pollution

(The) White matter in the brain, which controls mathematics and language skills, is decreased by air pollution.

people / less / educate / less / white / matter / so / they / more / vulnerable / air / pollution

People with less education have less white matter, so they are more vulnerable to air pollution.
People who have less education have less white matter, so they are more vulnerable to air pollution.
People who are less educated have less white matter, so they are more vulnerable to air pollution.

world / health / organization / say / more / 90 / percent / people / breath / unsafe / air

The World Health Organization says (that) more than 90 percent of people are breathing (in) unsafe air.

1. Explain how pollution affects intelligence.
2. Why were elderly men strongly affected by air pollution?
3. Why were less educated people strongly affected?
4. In your opinion, what other factors affect brain function both positively and negatively?
5. Do you think the city/countryside pollution dynamic in India is similar in your country? Why?
6. Do you think your cognitive performance is related to the air quality in your city?
7. Which sources of pollutants are the worst in your country? How can they be reduced?

';} ?>