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Learn English with PBS

Sea Otter Fur

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Published: 10.25.2019
Level 5   |   Time: 3:23
Accent: American
Source: PBS Deep Look

Sea otter fur is unique for many reasons.


triangle Directions 목표 Direcciones Instruções

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  1. READ the VOCABULARY

    It is important to read the vocabulary before you watch the video. This will improve your ability to understand the video. It will also help you understand how the new vocabulary is used naturally.

  2. WATCH the VIDEO

    The first time you watch the video, just try to understand the overall situation.

  3. ANSWER the QUESTIONS

    First try to answer all the questions from memory. Then rewatch the video and try to answer the questions that you missed.

  4. WATCH and READ the SCRIPT

    Watch the video again while you read the script. Reading and listening at the same time will help you hear each individual word and improve your listening accuracy.

  5. DO the ACTIVITIES

    There are several different activities that focus on test preparation, vocabulary, grammar, and sentence structure.

  1. LEA el VOCABULARIO

    Es importante leer el vocabulario antes de ver el video. Esto mejorará su capacidad para comprender el video. También le ayudará a comprender cómo se usa el nuevo vocabulario de forma natural.

  2. VER el VIDEO

    La primera vez que vea el video, intente comprender la situación general.

  3. RESPONDE a las PREGUNTAS

    Primero intente responder todas las preguntas de memoria. Luego, vuelva a ver el video e intente responder las preguntas que se perdió.

  4. MIRAR Y LEER

    Mire el video nuevamente mientras lee el guión. Leer y escuchar al mismo tiempo lo ayudará a escuchar cada palabra individual y mejorará su precisión auditiva.

  5. HACER LAS ACTIVIDADES

    Hay una serie de actividades diferentes que se centran en la preparación de la examen, el vocabulario, la gramática y la estructura de las oraciones.

  1. 어휘 읽기

    비디오를 보기 전에 어휘와 배경을 읽는 것이 중요합니다. 이렇게 하면 비디오를 이해하는 능력이 향상됩니다. 또한 새로운 어휘가 어떻게 자연스럽게 사용되는지 이해하는데 도움이됩니다.

  2. 비디오 보기

    비디오를 처음 볼 때 전체 상황을 이해하려고 노력하세요.

  3. 문제에 답하기

    먼저 모든 질문에 답을 해보세요. 그런 다음 비디오를 다시보고 놓친 질문에 답해보세요.

  4. 비디오 보면서 대본 읽기

    대본을 읽는 동안 비디오를 다시 보세요. 읽기와 듣기를 동시에 하면 각각의 단어를 듣고, 듣기 정확도를 향상시킬 수 있습니다.

  5. 액티비티 하기

    듣기 정확도, 발음, 어휘, 문법 및 문장 구조에 초점을 맞춘 다양한 액티비티가 있습니다.

  1. LER o VOCABULÁRIO

    É importante ler o vocabulário antes de assistir ao vídeo. Isso melhorará sua capacidade de entender o vídeo. Também ajudará você a entender como o novo vocabulário é usado naturalmente.

  2. ASSISTA ao VÍDEO

    Na primeira vez que assistir ao vídeo, tente entender a situação geral.

  3. RESPONDA às PERGUNTAS

    Primeiro, tente responder a todas as perguntas de memória. Em seguida, assista novamente ao vídeo e tente responder às perguntas que você errou.

  4. ASSISTA e LEIA o SCRIPT

    Assista ao vídeo novamente enquanto lê o roteiro. Ler e ouvir ao mesmo tempo ajudará você a ouvir cada palavra individualmente e a melhorar sua precisão auditiva.

  5. FAÇA as ATIVIDADES

    Existem várias atividades diferentes que se concentram na preparação para o teste, vocabulário, gramática e estrutura de frases.

triangle Vocabulary 어휘 Vocabulário Vocabulario

  • ☐ ☐ ☐ a coast [n] - land next to the ocean
  • ☐ ☐ ☐ a wetsuit [n] - clothing that is used by surfers & divers to keep their body warm in cold water
  • ☐ ☐ ☐ hypothermia [n] - a medical emergency caused by a very low body temperature.
  • ☐ ☐ ☐ 100 degrees Fahrenheit [exp] - 38 degrees Celsius
  • ☐ ☐ ☐ mammals [n] - a class of animals that includes humans, dogs, elephants and whales
  • ☐ ☐ ☐ a newcomer [n] - someone who has recently arrived
  • ☐ ☐ ☐ waded [v] - walked through the water
  • ☐ ☐ ☐ mere [adj] - not a lot
  • ☐ ☐ ☐ blubber [n] - the fat of sea mammals, especially whales and seals
  • ☐ ☐ ☐ an ace in the hole [exp] - a big advantage
  • ☐ ☐ ☐ hunted to extinction [exp] - killed until no more exist in the world
  • ☐ ☐ ☐ a down comforter [n] - a warm blanket (made from bird feathers)
  • ☐ ☐ ☐ glossy [adj] - shiny
  • ☐ ☐ ☐ tumble [v] - fall while turning or spinning
  • ☐ ☐ ☐ bob [v] - float in water moving up and down
  • ☐ ☐ ☐ fluffiness [n] - light in texture and containing air
  • ☐ ☐ ☐ buoyant [adj] - able to float
  • ☐ ☐ ☐ shed [v] - lose hair
  • ☐ ☐ ☐ pup fur [v] - the soft hair of a baby animal
  • ☐ ☐ ☐ comes at a price [exp] - has negative consequences
  • ☐ ☐ ☐ groom [v] - touch and clean the fur
  • ☐ ☐ ☐ insulating [adj] - protect something from heat loss
  • ☐ ☐ ☐ scaly [adj] - covered in scales (overlapping plates)
  • ☐ ☐ ☐ mat [v] - (hair) that come together in a thick mass
  • ☐ ☐ ☐ a hair shaft [n] - the long part of a piece of hair
  • ☐ ☐ ☐ a barb [n] - a sharp point near the end of something

[n] - noun,  [v] - verb,  [phv] - phrasal verb,  [adj] - adjective,  [exp] - expression


triangle Questions 문제 Questões Preguntas [ ? ]

Questions

These are guided listening questions. These questions are NOT designed to test or trick you. They are designed to guide you through the video.

TIP: If you don’t understand something in the video, click "Show Answers". You should be able to understand all of the important points of the video by reading the questions and the correct answers.

Preguntas

Estas son preguntas de escucha guiada. Estas preguntas NO están diseñadas para ponerte a prueba o engañarte. Están diseñados para guiarlo a través del video.

CONSEJO: Si no entiende algo en el video, haga clic en "Show Answers". Debería poder comprender todos los puntos importantes del video leyendo las preguntas y las respuestas correctas.

질문

이것은 안내식 듣기 질문입니다. 이 질문들은 당신을 시험하거나 속이기 위한 것이 아닙니다. 동영상을 통해 안내하도록 설계되었습니다.

팁 : 동영상에서 이해가 되지 않는 부분이 있으면 "Show Answers"를 클릭하세요. 질문과 정답을 읽으면서 영상의 중요한 요점을 모두 이해할 수 있어야 합니다.

Perguntas

Estas são perguntas de escuta guiadas. Essas perguntas NÃO foram elaboradas para testar ou enganar você. Eles são projetados para guiá-lo através do vídeo.

DICA: Se você não entender algo no vídeo, clique em "Mostrar respostas". Você deve entender todos os pontos importantes do vídeo lendo as perguntas e as respostas corretas.

  1. How does the speaker describe the coast of Northern California?
    Beautiful
    Long
    Cold

  2. What would lead people to hypothermia?
    Swimming in that water.
    Walking along that coast.
    Not having enough fur.

  3. What is the difference in temperature between the otter and the water?
    2° F
    15° F
    50° F

  4. Which mammal has been in the ocean the longest?
    Sea otters
    Sea lions
    Whales

  5. What disadvantages do sea otter have for maintaining body heat (staying warm)?
    They stay in the water too long.
    They don't have blubber.
    Their fur is very thick.
    They are small.

  6. How do sea otters maintain their body temperature?
    Fur
    Blubber
    Swimming

  7. Why did sea otter fur almost cause their extinction?
    It was too thick.
    It carried a lot of bacteria.
    People wanted to use it for clothing.

  8. How does sea otter fur keep a sea otter warm?
    It creates heat.
    It traps air.
    It melts ice.

  9. What is unique about baby sea otter fur?
    It traps so much air.
    It creates extra heat.
    It doesn't have scales.

  10. How does a sea otter put more air into its fur?
    It dives underwater.
    It uses a pump.
    It grooms itself.

  11. Why is sea otter fur able to matt (stick) together?
    It has barbs.
    It is thick.
    It is waterproof.

  12. What is different about coyote fur?
    It doesn't have barbs.
    It is not glossy.
    It feels smooth.

  13. What are some of the features of sea ottter fur?
    It is glossy.
    It is smooth.
    It is waterproof.
    It has two layers.
    It falls out easily.
    It is useful to make clothing.


triangle Sentence Building 문장 만들기 Construção de sentença Construcción de oraciones [ ? ]

Summary

This activity is designed to improve sentence accuracy and complexity. Most students can produce the key content words in a sentence. However, they have difficulty with accuracy because the functional words are difficult or can seem unimportant. This activity will help learners eliminate problems with these functional words by giving them immediate feedback on the mistakes they are making. It will also help students develop their use of more natural, varied and complex sentence structures.

TIP: Say the sentence out loud. Notice the types of mistake you make often. Focus on those types of errors. (singular/plural, subject-verb agreement, article use, prepositions, gerunds and infinitives, noun clauses, adjective clauses, word order, and word forms.)

Resumen

Esta actividad está diseñada para mejorar la precisión y complejidad de las oraciones. La mayoría de los estudiantes pueden producir las palabras clave del contenido en una oración. Sin embargo, tienen dificultades con la precisión porque las palabras funcionales son difíciles o pueden parecer poco importantes. Esta actividad ayudará a los alumnos a eliminar problemas con estas palabras funcionales al brindarles retroalimentación inmediata sobre los errores que están cometiendo. También ayudará a los estudiantes a desarrollar su uso de estructuras de oraciones más naturales, variadas y complejas.

CONSEJO: Diga la oración en voz alta. Observe los tipos de errores que comete con frecuencia. Concéntrese en ese tipo de errores. (singular / plural, concordancia entre sujeto y verbo, uso del artículo, preposiciones, gerundios e infinitivos, cláusulas sustantivas, cláusulas adjetivas, orden de las palabras y formas de las palabras).

요약

이 액티비티는 문장의 정확성과 복잡성을 개선하기 위해 고안되었습니다. 대부분의 학생들은 문장에서 핵심 내용 단어를 생성 할 수 있습니다. 그러나 기능적 단어가 어렵거나 중요하지 않은 것처럼 보일 수 있기 때문에 정확성에 어려움이 있습니다. 이 액티비티는 학습자가 실수에 대한 즉각적인 피드백을 제공함으로써 이러한 기능적 단어의 문제를 제거하는 데 도움이 됩니다. 또한 학생들이 보다 자연스럽고 다양하며 복잡한 문장 구조를 사용하는 데 도움이 됩니다.

팁 : 문장을 크게 말하세요. 자주 저지르는 실수 유형과, 이러한 유형의 오류에 집중하세요. (단수 / 복수, 주어-동사 일치, 관사 사용, 전치사, 동명사 및 부정사, 명사절, 형용사절, 어순 및 단어 형태)

Resumo

Esta atividade foi desenvolvida para melhorar a precisão e a complexidade das frases. A maioria dos alunos pode produzir as palavras-chave do conteúdo em uma frase. No entanto, eles têm dificuldade com precisão porque as palavras funcionais são difíceis ou podem parecer sem importância. Esta atividade ajudará os alunos a eliminar problemas com essas palavras funcionais, dando-lhes feedback imediato sobre os erros que estão cometendo. Também ajudará os alunos a desenvolver o uso de estruturas de sentenças mais naturais, variadas e complexas.

DICA: Diga a frase em voz alta. Observe os tipos de erro que você comete com frequência. Concentre-se nesses tipos de erros. (singular/plural, concordância sujeito-verbo, uso de artigos, preposições, gerúndios e infinitivos, cláusulas substantivas, cláusulas adjetivas, ordem das palavras e formas das palavras.)

Directions: Write sentences about the video clip using the words given. You can change the word form or add words, but you cannot change the word order.
( ) = optional   [ ] = necessary

Instrucciones: Escriba oraciones sobre el videoclip usando las palabras dadas. Puede cambiar la forma de la palabra o agregar palabras, pero no puede cambiar el orden de las palabras.

Instrucciones: Escreva orações sobre o videoclipe usando as palavras-chave. Você pode alterar a forma da palavra ou adicionar palavras, mas não pode alterar a ordem das palavras.

지시 : 주어진 단어를 사용하여 비디오 클립에 대한 문장을 씁니다. 어형을 변경하거나 단어를 추가할 수 있지만 어순은 변경할 수 없습니다.



Sentence 1

be / water / north / California / coast / can / cause / hypothermia / minute


Being in the water of the Northern California coast can cause hypothermia in minutes.



Sentence 2

sea / otter / have / maintain / internal / body / temperature / around / 100 / degree / Fahrenheit


Sea otters have to maintain an internal body temperature of around 100 degrees Fahrenheit.



Sentence 3

sea / otter / become / ocean / mammal / just / couple / million / year / ago


Sea otters became ocean mammals just a couple (of) million years ago.



Sentence 4

unlike / other / ocean / mammal / sea / otter / no / blubber


Unlike other ocean mammals, sea otters have no blubber.



Sentence 5

sea / otter / have / thick / fur / planet


Sea otters have the thickest fur on the planet.



Sentence 6

their / hair / can / up / million / hair / square / inch


Their hair can [be/have] up to a million hairs per square inch.



Sentence 7

19th / century / sea / otter / near / hunt / extinction / for / fur


In the 19th century, sea otters were nearly hunted to extinction for their fur.



Sentence 8

sea / otter / fur / basic / waterproof / so / it / can / trap / air / near / skin / surface / when / sea / otter / underwater


Sea otter fur is basically waterproof, so it can trap air near the skin’s surface when sea otters are underwater.



Sentence 9

fur / baby / sea / otter / trap / so / air / they / buoyant


The fur of baby sea otters traps so much air (that) they are buoyant.



Sentence 10

sea / otter / have / constant / groom / self / put / air / fur


Sea otters have to constantly groom themselves (in order) to put (more) air [in/inside] their fur.



Sentence 11

sea / otter / two / layer / fur


Sea otters have two layers of fur.



Sentence 12

because / individual / hair / scaly / rough / they / mat / together / trap / air


Because their individual hairs are scaly and rough, they mat together and trap (the) air.
Because their individual hairs are scaly and rough, they mat together, trapping (the) air.



triangle Discussion 논의 Questões de discussão Discusión

  1. What are five facts that you can remember about sea otters?
  2. What was the most surprising thing that you learned from this video?
  3. Compared to other ocean mammals, how are sea otters unique?
  4. Can you name six ocean mammals other than sea otters?
  5. Do sea otters look cute? What are the five cutest animals in the world? Is sea otter in the top five?
  6. In the 19th Century, otters were nearly hunted to extinction for their fur. What other animals were hunted for their fur at that time? What animals are most commonly used for fur today?
  7. How do you feel about the fur industry?

triangle Script 대본 Roteiro Texto

Here’s one word to describe the Northern California coast: COLD.

If you or I were in those waves without a wetsuit right now, we’d get hypothermia in minutes.

But sea otters have figured out how to survive here.

Which is amazing, especially when you consider that this little guy has to maintain an internal body temperature around 100 degrees Fahrenheit.

Sure, whales do it. Sea lions do it. But those mammals have had tens of millions of years to adapt to life in the ocean.

Evolutionarily speaking, sea otters are newcomers... land animals that waded into the ocean a mere couple of million years ago.

Unlike other ocean mammals, they have no blubber.

And they’re small, meaning they are constantly losing heat.

Their ace in the hole-- is fur.

Sea otters have the thickest fur on the planet. Up to a million hairs per square inch.

It’s what keeps them alive.

It also almost killed them -- back around the 19th century sea otters were hunted nearly to extinction to make hats and coats.

But it’s not really the fur, per se, that keeps the otter warm. It’s air.

Fur works by trapping air near the skin’s surface, like a down comforter.

Sea otter fur is so dense it’s basically waterproof. You can see how dry it is close to the skin.

That layer of air gives the otter’s fur a glossy look as it tumbles through the water.

Baby sea otters? Their fur traps so much air that they bob at the surface -- their fluffiness makes them buoyant. That is, until they shed the pup fur and learn to dive.

This excellent insulation comes at a price.

Every time a sea otter dives, some of the air in their fur gets forced out -- see those bubbles? And so the otter has to groom himself all over again, to pump more air in.

Let’s take a closer look at this fur.

As you can see, sea otter fur is actually made up of two kinds of hair: under fur, the insulating part, and those longer, protective guard hairs.

Under a microscope, you can see how the individual hairs are scaly and rough.

That roughness is important.

Those barbs on the hair shafts let the fur mat together.

That’s what traps the air in.

For comparison - here’s a coyote. Coyotes, of course, don’t live in the freezing ocean, and their hairs don’t have the barbs.

Their fur keeps them warm on land, but they wouldn’t stay dry in the ocean.

In a lot of ways, otters have more in common with land animals.

But many years ago, otters took an evolutionary leap into these icy waters.

And today they’re making it work.