Learn English with a News Story about a pig heart transplant

Pig Heart Transplant


icon
Published: 9.22.2023
Level 5   |   Time: 2:09
Accent: American
Source: Global News

A US man gets a heart from a genetically-modified pig in a world's first transplant.

You can download a [ .pdf ] or [ .docx ] version of this lesson.


triangle Directions 목표 Direcciones Instruções


  1. READ the VOCABULARY

    It is important to read the vocabulary before you watch the video. This will improve your ability to understand the video. It will also help you understand how the new vocabulary is used naturally.

  2. WATCH the VIDEO

    The first time you watch the video, just try to understand the overall situation.

  3. ANSWER the QUESTIONS

    First try to answer all the questions from memory. Then rewatch the video and try to answer the questions that you missed.

  4. WATCH and READ the SCRIPT

    Watch the video again while you read the script. Reading and listening at the same time will help you hear each individual word and improve your listening accuracy.

  5. DO the ACTIVITIES

    There are several different activities that focus on test preparation, vocabulary, grammar, and sentence structure.

  1. LEA el VOCABULARIO

    Es importante leer el vocabulario antes de ver el video. Esto mejorará su capacidad para comprender el video. También le ayudará a comprender cómo se usa el nuevo vocabulario de forma natural.

  2. VER el VIDEO

    La primera vez que vea el video, intente comprender la situación general.

  3. RESPONDE a las PREGUNTAS

    Primero intente responder todas las preguntas de memoria. Luego, vuelva a ver el video e intente responder las preguntas que se perdió.

  4. MIRAR Y LEER

    Mire el video nuevamente mientras lee el guión. Leer y escuchar al mismo tiempo lo ayudará a escuchar cada palabra individual y mejorará su precisión auditiva.

  5. HACER LAS ACTIVIDADES

    Hay una serie de actividades diferentes que se centran en la preparación de la examen, el vocabulario, la gramática y la estructura de las oraciones.

  1. 어휘 읽기

    비디오를 보기 전에 어휘와 배경을 읽는 것이 중요합니다. 이렇게 하면 비디오를 이해하는 능력이 향상됩니다. 또한 새로운 어휘가 어떻게 자연스럽게 사용되는지 이해하는데 도움이됩니다.

  2. 비디오 보기

    비디오를 처음 볼 때 전체 상황을 이해하려고 노력하세요.

  3. 문제에 답하기

    먼저 모든 질문에 답을 해보세요. 그런 다음 비디오를 다시보고 놓친 질문에 답해보세요.

  4. 비디오 보면서 대본 읽기

    대본을 읽는 동안 비디오를 다시 보세요. 읽기와 듣기를 동시에 하면 각각의 단어를 듣고, 듣기 정확도를 향상시킬 수 있습니다.

  5. 액티비티 하기

    듣기 정확도, 발음, 어휘, 문법 및 문장 구조에 초점을 맞춘 다양한 액티비티가 있습니다.

  1. LER o VOCABULÁRIO

    É importante ler o vocabulário antes de assistir ao vídeo. Isso melhorará sua capacidade de entender o vídeo. Também ajudará você a entender como o novo vocabulário é usado naturalmente.

  2. ASSISTA ao VÍDEO

    Na primeira vez que assistir ao vídeo, tente entender a situação geral.

  3. RESPONDA às PERGUNTAS

    Primeiro, tente responder a todas as perguntas de memória. Em seguida, assista novamente ao vídeo e tente responder às perguntas que você errou.

  4. ASSISTA e LEIA o SCRIPT

    Assista ao vídeo novamente enquanto lê o roteiro. Ler e ouvir ao mesmo tempo ajudará você a ouvir cada palavra individualmente e a melhorar sua precisão auditiva.

  5. FAÇA as ATIVIDADES

    Existem várias atividades diferentes que se concentram na preparação para o teste, vocabulário, gramática e estrutura de frases.

triangle Vocabulary 어휘 Vocabulário Vocabulario


  • ☐ ☐ ☐ revolutionary [adj] - new, world-changing
  • ☐ ☐ ☐ a transplant [n] - moving (an organ) from one body to another body
  • ☐ ☐ ☐ an outcome [n] - a result
  • ☐ ☐ ☐ diagnose [v] - identify that a person has a particular disease or condition
  • ☐ ☐ ☐ terminal [adj] - will cause death
  • ☐ ☐ ☐ eligible [adj] - qualified to be chosen
  • ☐ ☐ ☐ a leap of faith [exp] - taking a big risk, hoping it will be successful
  • ☐ ☐ ☐ genetically-modified [adj] - changed at the genetic level
  • ☐ ☐ ☐ The heart is still beating. [exp] - The heart is still pumping blood.
  • ☐ ☐ ☐ an organ shortage [exp] - not enough organs (hearts, livers, kidneys)
  • ☐ ☐ ☐ xenotransplantation [n] - putting animal organs into a human body
  • ☐ ☐ ☐ a critical shortage [exp] - not enough, causing serious problems
  • ☐ ☐ ☐ kidneys [n] - the two organs in the body that clean blood [image] vocab image
  • ☐ ☐ ☐ heart valves [n] - the parts of the heart that open and close [image] vocab image
  • ☐ ☐ ☐ the magnitude [n] - the size
  • ☐ ☐ ☐ risk it all [exp] - risk everything, risk your life

[n] - noun,  [v] - verb,  [phv] - phrasal verb,  [adj] - adjective,  [exp] - expression



triangle Questions 문제 Questões Preguntas


  1. This ______ the first time a pig heart has been put into a human body.
    is
    isn't

  2. David Bennett was too ______ to be eligible for a human heart transplant.
    poor
    sick
    old

  3. Bennett had ______ to live.
    six months
    six weeks

  4. The pig heart used for the transplant was ______.
    imported from outside the U.S.
    the same size as Bennett's heart
    genetically-modified

  5. ______ days after the surgery, the pig heart was still beating.
    Three
    Five
    Seven

  6. Bennett hoped that ______ even if the procedue failed.
    doctors could learn something
    his pain would stop

  7. Doctors hope xenotransplantation can ______.
    reduce the cost of organ transplants
    make organ transplantation safer
    solve organ shortage problems

  8. Pig ______ are already widely used in medical procedures.
    heart valves
    stem cells
    kidneys
    genes



triangle Sentence Building 문장 만들기 Construção de sentença Construcción de oraciones [ ? ]

Summary

This activity is designed to improve sentence accuracy and complexity. Most students can produce the key content words in a sentence. However, they have difficulty with accuracy because the functional words are difficult or can seem unimportant. This activity will help learners eliminate problems with these functional words by giving them immediate feedback on the mistakes they are making. It will also help students develop their use of more natural, varied and complex sentence structures.

TIP: Say the sentence out loud. Notice the types of mistake you make often. Focus on those types of errors. (singular/plural, subject-verb agreement, article use, prepositions, gerunds and infinitives, noun clauses, adjective clauses, word order, and word forms.)

Resumen

Esta actividad está diseñada para mejorar la precisión y complejidad de las oraciones. La mayoría de los estudiantes pueden producir las palabras clave del contenido en una oración. Sin embargo, tienen dificultades con la precisión porque las palabras funcionales son difíciles o pueden parecer poco importantes. Esta actividad ayudará a los alumnos a eliminar problemas con estas palabras funcionales al brindarles retroalimentación inmediata sobre los errores que están cometiendo. También ayudará a los estudiantes a desarrollar su uso de estructuras de oraciones más naturales, variadas y complejas.

CONSEJO: Diga la oración en voz alta. Observe los tipos de errores que comete con frecuencia. Concéntrese en ese tipo de errores. (singular / plural, concordancia entre sujeto y verbo, uso del artículo, preposiciones, gerundios e infinitivos, cláusulas sustantivas, cláusulas adjetivas, orden de las palabras y formas de las palabras).

요약

이 액티비티는 문장의 정확성과 복잡성을 개선하기 위해 고안되었습니다. 대부분의 학생들은 문장에서 핵심 내용 단어를 생성 할 수 있습니다. 그러나 기능적 단어가 어렵거나 중요하지 않은 것처럼 보일 수 있기 때문에 정확성에 어려움이 있습니다. 이 액티비티는 학습자가 실수에 대한 즉각적인 피드백을 제공함으로써 이러한 기능적 단어의 문제를 제거하는 데 도움이 됩니다. 또한 학생들이 보다 자연스럽고 다양하며 복잡한 문장 구조를 사용하는 데 도움이 됩니다.

팁 : 문장을 크게 말하세요. 자주 저지르는 실수 유형과, 이러한 유형의 오류에 집중하세요. (단수 / 복수, 주어-동사 일치, 관사 사용, 전치사, 동명사 및 부정사, 명사절, 형용사절, 어순 및 단어 형태)

Resumo

Esta atividade foi desenvolvida para melhorar a precisão e a complexidade das frases. A maioria dos alunos pode produzir as palavras-chave do conteúdo em uma frase. No entanto, eles têm dificuldade com precisão porque as palavras funcionais são difíceis ou podem parecer sem importância. Esta atividade ajudará os alunos a eliminar problemas com essas palavras funcionais, dando-lhes feedback imediato sobre os erros que estão cometendo. Também ajudará os alunos a desenvolver o uso de estruturas de sentenças mais naturais, variadas e complexas.

DICA: Diga a frase em voz alta. Observe os tipos de erro que você comete com frequência. Concentre-se nesses tipos de erros. (singular/plural, concordância sujeito-verbo, uso de artigos, preposições, gerúndios e infinitivos, cláusulas substantivas, cláusulas adjetivas, ordem das palavras e formas das palavras.)


Directions: Write sentences about the video clip using the words given. You can change the word form or add words, but you cannot change the word order.

Instrucciones: Escriba oraciones sobre el videoclip usando las palabras dadas. Puede cambiar la forma de la palabra o agregar palabras, pero no puede cambiar el orden de las palabras.

Instrucciones: Escreva orações sobre o videoclipe usando as palavras-chave. Você pode alterar a forma da palavra ou adicionar palavras, mas não pode alterar a ordem das palavras.

지시 : 주어진 단어를 사용하여 비디오 클립에 대한 문장을 씁니다. 어형을 변경하거나 단어를 추가할 수 있지만 어순은 변경할 수 없습니다.



Sentence 1

David / Bennett / diagnose / terminal / heart / disease / and / have / less / six / month / live


David Bennett was diagnosed with terminal heart disease(,) and (he) had less than six months to live.



Sentence 2

he / too / sick / eligible / human / heart / transplant / leaving / him / few / option


He was too sick to be eligible for a human heart transplant, leaving him with few options.



Sentence 3

doctor / Baltimore / offer / Bennett / chance / survival / by / replace / heart / pig / heart


Doctors in Baltimore offered Bennett a chance [at/of] survival by replacing his heart with a [pig/pig's] heart.



Sentence 4

procedure / consider / medical / leap / faith / as / outcome / uncertain


The procedure was considered a medical leap of faith, as the outcome was uncertain.



Sentence 5

pig / heart / genetic / modified / reduce / risk / rejection / by / Bennett / immune / system


The [pig/pig's] heart was genetically-modified (in order) to reduce the risk of rejection by Bennett's immune system.



Sentence 6

three / day / after / surgery / new / heart / still / beat / and / Bennett / alive


Three days after the surgery, [the/his] new heart was still beating, and Bennett was alive.



Sentence 7

in / U.S. / there / critical / shortage / organ / available / tradition / human / human / transplant


In the U.S., there is a critical shortage of organs available for traditional human-to-human transplants.



Sentence 8

if / xenotransplantation / prove / success / long / term / it / could / potential / address / critical / shortage


If xenotransplantation proves successful (in the) long term, it could potentially address this critical shortage.



Sentence 9

previous / attempt / animal / human / transplant / with / chimpanzee / kidney / and / baboon / heart / not / successful / more / few / months


Previous attempts at animal-to-human transplants with chimpanzee kidneys and baboon hearts were not successful for more than a few months.



Sentence 10

pig / organ / show / more / promise / with / pig / heart / valve / already / be / use / medical / procedure


Pig organs [have shown/show] more promise, with pig heart valves already being used in medical procedures.



triangle Discussion 논의 Questões de discussão Discusión


  1. What are your initial thoughts and feelings about the pig heart transplant procedure described in the news story?
  2. David Bennett died of heart failure two months after this procedure. Doctors say that his death was caused by other factors, not his heart transplant. [ Read more here. ] Would you still call this surgery a success?
  3. In 1988, David Bennett was convicted of stabbing a man seven times, leaving him paralyzed. That man died in 2006. [ Read more here. ] Does this change your view of the story? How?
  4. More than 10,000 Americans are on the national waiting list for an organ transplant. 17 people in the US die each day waiting for an organ transplant. Do you think Bennett was a good choice for this procedure?
  5. Do you think someone's past should be considered when deciding who to provide medical care to?
  6. Bennett had a choice of probable death within six weeks or getting an experimental pig heart transplant. Which would you choose if you were in his position? Why?
  7. The story mentions that pig organ transplants have been more successful than transplants from other animals. Why do you think this is so?
  8. Is it ethical to raise animals for transplantations to save human lives? Why? Why not?
  9. How do you think society's views on animal rights and welfare should be considered when developing and implementing xenotransplantation procedures?

triangle Script 대본 Roteiro Texto


You're looking at a medical first. A revolutionary transplant of a pig's heart into a person.

We didn't know what the outcome might be, but it wasn't going to be worse than traditional therapy.

57-year-old David Bennett had no other option. Diagnosed with terminal heart disease, he was too sick to be eligible for a human donation. With less than six months to live, doctors in Baltimore offered him a medical leap of faith.

It was very difficult for him to make this decision. But at the end of the day, this was his best hope of getting out of the hospital and having somewhat of a normal quality of life.

The transplant involved a heart from a genetically-modified pig with some of its own genes deleted and human genes added to reduce the risk of rejection.

We wouldn't give him a worse outcome, and we had a chance perhaps of striking the good one. He himself said I want to live, and if I don't, you'll learn something.

Three days after surgery, the heart is still beating. Bennett is alive.

Transplantation has always been conducted in the context of an organ shortage.

Dr. David Claussen works with Eunos, which coordinates organ sharing in the U.S. If proven, xenotransplantation could ease the critical shortage of donors.

It is an important step, but it still is only a first step and there will be, you know, a long journey ahead to see this through.

Animal to human transplants have been tried before. Chimpanzee kidneys. A baboon heart. None successful for more than a few months.

Pig organs show more promise. Heart valves from pigs are already widely used. In fact, Bennett received one of those more than a decade before his heart transplant.

He realizes the magnitude of what was done, and he really realizes the importance of it.

One man's decision to risk it all has offered hope to thousands that life-saving transplants might one day not involve a life-or-death wait.

Jackson Prosko, Global News, Washington.