Learn English with PBS

Your Dog's Nose Knows


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Published: 11.22.2019
Level 5   |   Time: 4:00
Accent: American
Source: PBS Deep Look

Dogs have a famously great sense of smell, and this is what makes their noses so powerful.


    

triangle Directions 목표 Direcciones Instruções


  1. READ the VOCABULARY

    It is important to read the vocabulary before you watch the video. This will improve your ability to understand the video. It will also help you understand how the new vocabulary is used naturally.

  2. WATCH the VIDEO

    The first time you watch the video, just try to understand the overall situation.

  3. ANSWER the QUESTIONS

    First try to answer all the questions from memory. Then rewatch the video and try to answer the questions that you missed.

  4. WATCH and READ the SCRIPT

    Watch the video again while you read the script. Reading and listening at the same time will help you hear each individual word and improve your listening accuracy.

  5. DO the ACTIVITIES

    There are several different activities that focus on test preparation, vocabulary, grammar, and sentence structure.

  1. LEA el VOCABULARIO

    Es importante leer el vocabulario antes de ver el video. Esto mejorará su capacidad para comprender el video. También le ayudará a comprender cómo se usa el nuevo vocabulario de forma natural.

  2. VER el VIDEO

    La primera vez que vea el video, intente comprender la situación general.

  3. RESPONDE a las PREGUNTAS

    Primero intente responder todas las preguntas de memoria. Luego, vuelva a ver el video e intente responder las preguntas que se perdió.

  4. MIRAR Y LEER

    Mire el video nuevamente mientras lee el guión. Leer y escuchar al mismo tiempo lo ayudará a escuchar cada palabra individual y mejorará su precisión auditiva.

  5. HACER LAS ACTIVIDADES

    Hay una serie de actividades diferentes que se centran en la preparación de la examen, el vocabulario, la gramática y la estructura de las oraciones.

  1. 어휘 읽기

    비디오를 보기 전에 어휘와 배경을 읽는 것이 중요합니다. 이렇게 하면 비디오를 이해하는 능력이 향상됩니다. 또한 새로운 어휘가 어떻게 자연스럽게 사용되는지 이해하는데 도움이됩니다.

  2. 비디오 보기

    비디오를 처음 볼 때 전체 상황을 이해하려고 노력하세요.

  3. 문제에 답하기

    먼저 모든 질문에 답을 해보세요. 그런 다음 비디오를 다시보고 놓친 질문에 답해보세요.

  4. 비디오 보면서 대본 읽기

    대본을 읽는 동안 비디오를 다시 보세요. 읽기와 듣기를 동시에 하면 각각의 단어를 듣고, 듣기 정확도를 향상시킬 수 있습니다.

  5. 액티비티 하기

    듣기 정확도, 발음, 어휘, 문법 및 문장 구조에 초점을 맞춘 다양한 액티비티가 있습니다.

  1. LER o VOCABULÁRIO

    É importante ler o vocabulário antes de assistir ao vídeo. Isso melhorará sua capacidade de entender o vídeo. Também ajudará você a entender como o novo vocabulário é usado naturalmente.

  2. ASSISTA ao VÍDEO

    Na primeira vez que assistir ao vídeo, tente entender a situação geral.

  3. RESPONDA às PERGUNTAS

    Primeiro, tente responder a todas as perguntas de memória. Em seguida, assista novamente ao vídeo e tente responder às perguntas que você errou.

  4. ASSISTA e LEIA o SCRIPT

    Assista ao vídeo novamente enquanto lê o roteiro. Ler e ouvir ao mesmo tempo ajudará você a ouvir cada palavra individualmente e a melhorar sua precisão auditiva.

  5. FAÇA as ATIVIDADES

    Existem várias atividades diferentes que se concentram na preparação para o teste, vocabulário, gramática e estrutura de frases.

triangle Vocabulary 어휘 Vocabulário Vocabulario


  • ☐ ☐ ☐ a portal [n] - a doorway, gateway
  • ☐ ☐ ☐ peer into [v] - look into
  • ☐ ☐ ☐ exquisite [adj] - well-made, delicate
  • ☐ ☐ ☐ olfactory [adj] - relating to the sense of smell
  • ☐ ☐ ☐ a sniffer [n] - a person who sniffs
  • ☐ ☐ ☐ track [v] - follow the course or trail
  • ☐ ☐ ☐ a scent [n] - a smell
  • ☐ ☐ ☐ an odor [n] - a smell
  • ☐ ☐ ☐ swirly [adv] - move in a twisting or spiraling pattern
  • ☐ ☐ ☐ air currents [n] - streams of air
  • ☐ ☐ ☐ make sense of [exp] - understand
  • ☐ ☐ ☐ a precision instrument [exp] - an exact and accurate tool
  • ☐ ☐ ☐ tell [v] - differentiate
  • ☐ ☐ ☐ nasal [adj] - related to the nose
  • ☐ ☐ ☐ outdo [v] - do better than
  • ☐ ☐ ☐ split off [phv] - separate from the main passage
  • ☐ ☐ ☐ a chamber [n] - a room or space
  • ☐ ☐ ☐ a recess [n] - a small space
  • ☐ ☐ ☐ intricate [adj] - complicated and detailed
  • ☐ ☐ ☐ in cross-section [exp] - a shape that is exposed by making a straight cut through something
  • ☐ ☐ ☐ feed [v] - give continuously
  • ☐ ☐ ☐ a patch [n] - a small part of something
  • ☐ ☐ ☐ blast [v] - blow (air) with force
  • ☐ ☐ ☐ a slit [n] - a small thin hole
  • ☐ ☐ ☐ hit the trail [exp] - start a trip
  • ☐ ☐ ☐ pick up [phv] - notice
  • ☐ ☐ ☐ a molecule [n] - the smallest fundamental unit of a chemical compound
  • ☐ ☐ ☐ leave behind [phv] - not bring with
  • ☐ ☐ ☐ tell apart [phv] - differentiate

[n] - noun,  [v] - verb,  [phv] - phrasal verb,  [adj] - adjective,  [exp] - expression



triangle Questions 문제 Questões Preguntas [ ? ]

Questions

These are guided listening questions. These questions are NOT designed to test or trick you. They are designed to guide you through the video.

TIP: If you don’t understand something in the video, click "Show Answers". You should be able to understand all of the important points of the video by reading the questions and the correct answers.

Preguntas

Estas son preguntas de escucha guiada. Estas preguntas NO están diseñadas para ponerte a prueba o engañarte. Están diseñados para guiarlo a través del video.

CONSEJO: Si no entiende algo en el video, haga clic en "Show Answers". Debería poder comprender todos los puntos importantes del video leyendo las preguntas y las respuestas correctas.

질문

이것은 안내식 듣기 질문입니다. 이 질문들은 당신을 시험하거나 속이기 위한 것이 아닙니다. 동영상을 통해 안내하도록 설계되었습니다.

팁 : 동영상에서 이해가 되지 않는 부분이 있으면 "Show Answers"를 클릭하세요. 질문과 정답을 읽으면서 영상의 중요한 요점을 모두 이해할 수 있어야 합니다.

Perguntas

Estas são perguntas de escuta guiadas. Essas perguntas NÃO foram elaboradas para testar ou enganar você. Eles são projetados para guiá-lo através do vídeo.

DICA: Se você não entender algo no vídeo, clique em "Mostrar respostas". Você deve entender todos os pontos importantes do vídeo lendo as perguntas e as respostas corretas.


  1. A dog can perceive what happened only an hour into the past through its nose.
    True
    False

  2. Zinka is a search-and-rescue dog.
    True
    False

  3. The "exquisite olfactory device" the speaker mentions is the dog's nose.
    True
    False

  4. Zinka is wearing many sensors.
    True
    False

  5. Smells spread out evenly on a field.
    True
    False

  6. Dogs can differentiate between smells that come from the left and the right.
    True
    False

  7. Humans can differentiate between smells that come from the left and the right.
    True
    False

  8. Dogs' nasal passages are divided into left and right.
    True
    False

  9. When a dog inhales, about half of the air goes into its olfactory recess.
    True
    False

  10. Dogs' olfactory sensory cells are spread out over numerous little passages.
    True
    False

  11. Humans' olfactory sensory cells are spread out over numerous little passages.
    True
    False

  12. Dogs exhale through the front of their nose.
    True
    False

  13. Dogs can sniff about once per second.
    True
    False

  14. Dogs can smell a single molecule left by a human.
    True
    False



triangle Sentence Building (Summary) 문장 만들기 Construção de sentença Construcción de oraciones [ ? ]

Summary

This activity is designed to improve sentence accuracy and complexity. Most students can produce the key content words in a sentence. However, they have difficulty with accuracy because the functional words are difficult or can seem unimportant. This activity will help learners eliminate problems with these functional words by giving them immediate feedback on the mistakes they are making. It will also help students develop their use of more natural, varied and complex sentence structures.

TIP: Say the sentence out loud. Notice the types of mistake you make often. Focus on those types of errors. (singular/plural, subject-verb agreement, article use, prepositions, gerunds and infinitives, noun clauses, adjective clauses, word order, and word forms.)

Resumen

Esta actividad está diseñada para mejorar la precisión y complejidad de las oraciones. La mayoría de los estudiantes pueden producir las palabras clave del contenido en una oración. Sin embargo, tienen dificultades con la precisión porque las palabras funcionales son difíciles o pueden parecer poco importantes. Esta actividad ayudará a los alumnos a eliminar problemas con estas palabras funcionales al brindarles retroalimentación inmediata sobre los errores que están cometiendo. También ayudará a los estudiantes a desarrollar su uso de estructuras de oraciones más naturales, variadas y complejas.

CONSEJO: Diga la oración en voz alta. Observe los tipos de errores que comete con frecuencia. Concéntrese en ese tipo de errores. (singular / plural, concordancia entre sujeto y verbo, uso del artículo, preposiciones, gerundios e infinitivos, cláusulas sustantivas, cláusulas adjetivas, orden de las palabras y formas de las palabras).

요약

이 액티비티는 문장의 정확성과 복잡성을 개선하기 위해 고안되었습니다. 대부분의 학생들은 문장에서 핵심 내용 단어를 생성 할 수 있습니다. 그러나 기능적 단어가 어렵거나 중요하지 않은 것처럼 보일 수 있기 때문에 정확성에 어려움이 있습니다. 이 액티비티는 학습자가 실수에 대한 즉각적인 피드백을 제공함으로써 이러한 기능적 단어의 문제를 제거하는 데 도움이 됩니다. 또한 학생들이 보다 자연스럽고 다양하며 복잡한 문장 구조를 사용하는 데 도움이 됩니다.

팁 : 문장을 크게 말하세요. 자주 저지르는 실수 유형과, 이러한 유형의 오류에 집중하세요. (단수 / 복수, 주어-동사 일치, 관사 사용, 전치사, 동명사 및 부정사, 명사절, 형용사절, 어순 및 단어 형태)

Resumo

Esta atividade foi desenvolvida para melhorar a precisão e a complexidade das frases. A maioria dos alunos pode produzir as palavras-chave do conteúdo em uma frase. No entanto, eles têm dificuldade com precisão porque as palavras funcionais são difíceis ou podem parecer sem importância. Esta atividade ajudará os alunos a eliminar problemas com essas palavras funcionais, dando-lhes feedback imediato sobre os erros que estão cometendo. Também ajudará os alunos a desenvolver o uso de estruturas de sentenças mais naturais, variadas e complexas.

DICA: Diga a frase em voz alta. Observe os tipos de erro que você comete com frequência. Concentre-se nesses tipos de erros. (singular/plural, concordância sujeito-verbo, uso de artigos, preposições, gerúndios e infinitivos, cláusulas substantivas, cláusulas adjetivas, ordem das palavras e formas das palavras.)


Directions: Write sentences about the video clip using the words given. You can change the word form or add words, but you cannot change the word order.

Instrucciones: Escriba oraciones sobre el videoclip usando las palabras dadas. Puede cambiar la forma de la palabra o agregar palabras, pero no puede cambiar el orden de las palabras.

Instrucciones: Escreva orações sobre o videoclipe usando as palavras-chave. Você pode alterar a forma da palavra ou adicionar palavras, mas não pode alterar a ordem das palavras.

지시 : 주어진 단어를 사용하여 비디오 클립에 대한 문장을 씁니다. 어형을 변경하거나 단어를 추가할 수 있지만 어순은 변경할 수 없습니다.



Sentence 1

dog / can / peer / past / use / nose


A dog can peer into the past (by) using its nose.
Dogs can peer into the past (by) using their nose.



Sentence 2

dog / can / pick / scent / one / week / ago


Dogs can pick up a scent from one week ago.
A dog can pick up a scent from one week ago.



Sentence 3

Zinka / wear / GPS / device / other / sensor


Zinka is wearing a GPS device and other sensors.



Sentence 4

smell / odor / often / twist / air / current


Smells and odors are often twisted around by air currents.



Sentence 5

both / dog / human / can / tell / smell / come / left / right.


Both dogs and humans can tell [if/whether] a smell is coming from the left or (the) right.
Both a dog and a human can tell [if/whether] a smell is coming from the left or (the) right.



Sentence 6

dog / about / 15 / time / sensory / cell / nose / than / human


Dogs have about 15 times more sensory cells in their nose than humans (do).
A dog has about 15 times more sensory cells in its nose than a human (does).



Sentence 7

dog / sniff / about / five / time / second


Dogs sniff about five times [per/a] second.
A dog sniffs about five times [per/a] second.



Sentence 8

dog / inhale / front / nose / and / exhale / side / nose


Dogs inhale through the front of their nose(,) and (they) exhale through the sides of their nose.
A dog inhales through the front of its nose(,) and (it) exhales through the sides of its nose.



Sentence 9

Zinka / can / smell / just / few / molecule / leave / behind / hiker


Zinka can smell just a few molecules left behind by [a/the] hiker.



triangle Discussion 논의 Questões de discussão Discusión


  1. What information in this video was new for you? Was anything surprising?
  2. Humans have five basic senses: sight, hearing, touch, taste and smell. Put them in order from most to least important.
  3. What breed do you think Zinka is? What is your favorite breed of dog?
  4. Humans use dogs in numerous professional situations. Can you think of eight different ways humans use dogs? (What are eight dog jobs?)
  5. Below are some common working dog breeds and some common dog jobs. Can you match the breeds to the jobs? Why do you think each breed is useful for each type of job?

picture picture picture picture
Beagle Bloodhound Border Collie Doberman Pinscher
picture picture picture picture
German Shepherd Golden Retriever English Shepherd Husky
picture picture picture picture
Labrador Retriever Pit Bull Terrier Rottweiler Spaniel

  • Detectors (disease, drugs, bombs) Spaniels, Labrador Retrievers, German Shepherds, Beagles, Bloodhounds
  • Fire Dogs Dalmatians
  • Guard Dogs Doberman Pinschers, German Shepherds, Rottweilers
  • Herding Dogs Border Collies, English Shepherds
  • Hunting Dogs Spaniels, Hounds, Terriers
  • Police Dogs Bloodhounds, German Shepherds
  • Sled Pullers Huskies
  • Seeing-Eye Dogs Labrador Retrievers, German Shepherds, Golden Retrievers
  • Search & Rescue Dogs Beagles, Pit Bull Terriers, Bloodhounds, German Shepherds
  • Therapy Dogs Golden Retrievers, Labradors


triangle Script 대본 Roteiro Texto


To us, this is just a field. But to this dog, it’s a portal through time. She can peer into the past, what happened an hour, even a week ago. Thanks to this exquisite olfactory device.

Zinka is a search and rescue dog - a champion sniffer. Today, she’s working with researchers from University of California, Berkeley. Yes she is.

She’s wearing a GPS device and other sensors, so they can figure out how she tracks smells so well -- like from this hiker.

Because tracking scent isn’t like following a dotted line on a map. Odors don’t spread out evenly. They’re all swirly and twisted around by air currents.

But Zinka’s nose can make sense of that. It’s a precision instrument. Like Us, dogs can tell if smells are coming from the left or right, because their nasal passages are completely divided.

But here’s how Zinka totally outdoes us. When she sniffs in, most of the air goes into her lungs. But some of it splits off into a separate stream that goes back into a special chamber -- called an olfactory recess. Inside there’s an intricate maze of little passages.

Here’s a researcher’s scan of what it looks like in cross-section. All those twists and turns create a huge surface area, which hold more than half a billion sensory cells that feed information to the brain. That’s 15 times more than we have.

All of our sensory cells are in this little patch. And we don’t have a special chamber for smelling.

And when Zinka exhales, the air is blasted out the sides through those slits, so she can take in a fresh sample each time.

First, she gets a sample, something the hiker has worn. Then, she hits the trail, sniffing about 5 times per second. Zinka can pick up the tiny amounts of scent, down to the molecules the hiker left behind, that we would never notice. She can easily tell her apart from other humans, as she finds her way through the maze of trails. Which leads her right to the hiker.

Good girl, Zinka!

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