TOEFL: A discussion on the effects of the asteroid event that caused the extinction of the dinosaurs.
You can download the file [ HERE ].
It is important to read the vocabulary before you watch the video. This will improve your ability to understand the video. It will also help you understand how the new vocabulary is used naturally.
The first time you watch the video, just try to understand the overall situation.
First try to answer all the questions from memory. Then rewatch the video and try to answer the questions that you missed.
Watch the video again while you read the script. Reading and listening at the same time will help you hear each individual word and improve your listening accuracy.
There are several different activities that focus on test preparation, vocabulary, grammar, and sentence structure.
Es importante leer el vocabulario antes de ver el video. Esto mejorará su capacidad para comprender el video. También le ayudará a comprender cómo se usa el nuevo vocabulario de forma natural.
La primera vez que vea el video, intente comprender la situación general.
Primero intente responder todas las preguntas de memoria. Luego, vuelva a ver el video e intente responder las preguntas que se perdió.
Mire el video nuevamente mientras lee el guión. Leer y escuchar al mismo tiempo lo ayudará a escuchar cada palabra individual y mejorará su precisión auditiva.
Hay una serie de actividades diferentes que se centran en la preparación de la examen, el vocabulario, la gramática y la estructura de las oraciones.
비디오를 보기 전에 어휘와 배경을 읽는 것이 중요합니다. 이렇게 하면 비디오를 이해하는 능력이 향상됩니다. 또한 새로운 어휘가 어떻게 자연스럽게 사용되는지 이해하는데 도움이됩니다.
비디오를 처음 볼 때 전체 상황을 이해하려고 노력하세요.
먼저 모든 질문에 답을 해보세요. 그런 다음 비디오를 다시보고 놓친 질문에 답해보세요.
대본을 읽는 동안 비디오를 다시 보세요. 읽기와 듣기를 동시에 하면 각각의 단어를 듣고, 듣기 정확도를 향상시킬 수 있습니다.
듣기 정확도, 발음, 어휘, 문법 및 문장 구조에 초점을 맞춘 다양한 액티비티가 있습니다.
[n] - noun, [v] - verb, [phv] - phrasal verb, [adj] - adjective, [exp] - expression
It was the one event which irrevocably changed our world. Sixty six billion years ago, a giant rock moving at 18 kilometers per second came out of the Northeastern sky and
slammed into a shallow sea where today there is the Gulf of Mexico. The fallout from the impact resulted in the demise of three quarters of all plant and animal species including
the dinosaurs. Precisely what happened on that day is now coming into clearer focus thanks to a project to drill into the crater made by the asteroid. Our science correspondent Jonathan
Amos has been speaking to the lead researchers Joe Morgan and Sean Gulick.
One of our targets actually was to look at the earliest sediments that filled the crater because they're going to tell us about the recovery of life
actually at the impact site. So we might have expected life to grow very very slowly here because there was probably quite a toxic environment. The ocean was probably was
full of vents of hydrothermal circulation and all these sort of metals that were being put into the oceans. So we were expecting sort of life to recover very very slowly, and we were
quite surprised. So we get really amazing fast recovery, high productivity sort of almost straight after the impact. Similar to the fastest recovery at other sites around the world.
Sean, you've been able to put the day back together in a sense.
Yeah, what's super exciting as just the energy of an impact crater. So I mean they're hitting at something like 10 billion Hiroshimas worth of energy. And so that creates an instantaneous
hole that has a rim with mountains that are Himalayan in size. But then all that collapses within minutes in order to infill the crater and result in something that's almost twice
as wide when the final crater forms, and not very deep, only maybe a kilometer deep.
It was a bad day for planet Earth, a bad day for the dinosaurs, a bad day for a lot of life on Earth. And you can say now some of the way that it was a bad day because of the nature of the rocks
that this impactor hit and what it did to the climate.
Yeah that's right. So we now know a lot more about the target site We know a lot more about the sediments that were
essentially degassed when the asteroid hits. So a very high
pressure shock wave passes through the sediments, releases these gases sulfur and carbon dioxide injected into the Earth's atmosphere and all around the globe. So they have a dramatic
effect all around the globe. So we think that the Sulfur itself cooled the Earth's surface by about 25 degrees centigrade for that first year after the impact. So that's an amazing
sort of cold earth for us. And that lasted probably 3 to 16 years of these subfreezing temperatures. So life would have a big sort of struggle at that point. You know it would be
nothing like life normally sort of previous to the impact that the temperatures had been like. We also have a little bit better idea of the soot and the dust that was up in the atmosphere
and stayed there itself for several years. And that cuts out sunlight. So we think photosynthesis was seriously inhibiting for at least a year. So were cutting out the primary food chain
basically - the organisms that photosynthesize and make the food that everything else eats off. So that's serious for all life on Earth.
Joe Morgan and Sean Gulick talking to Jonathan Amos.