Learn English with BBC Podcasts

• ☐ ☐ ☐ a clan [n] - a group of related people
• ☐ ☐ ☐ feuding [adj] - fighting
• ☐ ☐ ☐ the spine of Asia [n] - the mountains of Asia
• ☐ ☐ ☐ a large umbrella group [n] - a broad organization that includes many smaller groups or organizations under its control
• ☐ ☐ ☐ the Huns [n] - a group of people living in central Aisa from the 1st to 7th century
• ☐ ☐ ☐ a trigger [n] - a cause, a starting event
• ☐ ☐ ☐ steppe lands [n] - large grasslands
• ☐ ☐ ☐ nomads [n] - people who move around often
• ☐ ☐ ☐ a flock [n] - a group of sheep
• ☐ ☐ ☐ charismatic [adj] - charming and inspiring
• ☐ ☐ ☐ savage [adj] - violent and uncontrolled
• ☐ ☐ ☐ tolerant [adj] - allowing other ideas, views, cultures
• ☐ ☐ ☐ tribal [adj] - related to tribes, small groups, or family groups
• ☐ ☐ ☐ suppress [v] - prevent, stop, limit, control
• ☐ ☐ ☐ teach a moral [exp] - teach a lesson
• ☐ ☐ ☐ savaged [v] - destroyed
• ☐ ☐ ☐ go berserk [exp] - become very violent

[n] - noun,  [v] - verb, [phv] - phrasal verb,  [adj] - adjective,  [exp] - expression

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1. The Mongol Empire didn't ______.
   have a strong leader
   emerge from nowhere
   travel across the spine of Asia
   
   
2. Attila the Hun is a good example of ______.
   a tribal leader that conquered a lot territory
   a particularly violent leader
   a successful Mongol leader
   
   
3. According to the speaker, the triggers that often allow large groups to emerge and dominate are ______, ______, and ______.
   opportunities that allow conquest
   tolerance of different religions
   a charismatic military leader
   innovations in technology
   changes in climate
   violent conquest
   
   
4. The common image of the Mongols today ______.
   comes from a lot of first-hand accounts
   is usually represented as quite violent
   is very accurate
   
   
5. The Mongols were actually very tolerant of ______.
   administration
   warfare
   religion
   
   
6. The Mongols were good at ______.
   integrating a diverse group of people into their empire
   developing new types of technology
   learning new languages
   
   
7. The Mongols were often violent in order to ______.
   prevent rival religious groups from becoming more popular
   set an example preventing other groups from resisting
   reduce the population of their enemies
   
   
8. The city of Merv in Turkmenistan ______.
   had a strong political alliance with the Mongols
   became the capital of the Mongol empire
   was destroyed by the Mongols
   
   

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1. What is the man mainly talking about?
   (A) The administrative failures of the Mongol Empire
   (B) The factors contributing to the rise of the Mongol Empire
   (C) The climate changes affecting the nomadic tribes in Asia
   (D) The comparison between the Mongols and modern societies
   
   
2. According to the speaker, how do people commonly perceive the Mongol Empire today?
   (A) As a minor tribal group with little historical impact
   (B) As sophisticated and tolerant administrators
   (C) As savage, barbaric, ultra-violent warriors
   (D) As pioneers of modern warfare tactics
   
   
3. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a trigger for the formation of large tribal groups?
   (A) The emergence of a charismatic military leader
   (B) Changes in climate across the steppe lands
   (C) Advances in agricultural techniques
   (D) Opportunities for rapid conquest
   
   
4. Why does the speaker mention cities like Nishapur and Merv?
   (A) To illustrate the selective use of extreme violence by the Mongols.
   (B) To give examples of cities that the Mongols conquered peacefully.
   (C) To explain how these cities resisted the Mongols for centuries.
   (D) To highlight the Mongol preference for isolated cities.
   
   
5. How did the Mongols generally handle the various identities within their empire?
   (A) They suppressed them to enforce a singular culture
   (B) They replaced them with Mongol traditions
   (C) They allowed for diversity and integration
   (D) They ignored them entirely
   
   

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Directions: Write sentences about the video clip using the words given. You can change the word form or add words, but you cannot change the word order.
( ) = optional   [ ] = necessary

Instrucciones: Escriba oraciones sobre el videoclip usando las palabras dadas. Puede cambiar la forma de la palabra o agregar palabras, pero no puede cambiar el orden de las palabras.

Instrucciones: Escreva orações sobre o videoclipe usando as palavras-chave. Você pode alterar a forma da palavra ou adicionar palavras, mas não pode alterar a ordem das palavras.

지시 : 주어진 단어를 사용하여 비디오 클립에 대한 문장을 씁니다. 어형을 변경하거나 단어를 추가할 수 있지만 어순은 변경할 수 없습니다.

Mongols / rise / feud / clans / large / empire

The Mongols rose from feuding clans [to/into] a large empire.

formation / big / grouping / often / trigger / climate / change

The formation of a big grouping is often triggered by climatic change(s).

formation / big / grouping / also / often / link / charisma / leader

The formation of a big grouping is also often linked to a charismatic leader.

modern / people / often / think / Mongols / just / ultra-violent / warrior

Modern people often think of the Mongols as just ultra-violent warriors.
Modern people often think (that) the Mongols were just ultra-violent warriors.

Mongols / actually / quite / tolerant / other / religion

The Mongols were actually quite tolerant of other religions.

Mongols / also / very / skill / administrator

The Mongols were also very skilled administrators.

thus / Mongols / very / good / integrate / different / culture / their / tribe / structure

Thus, the Mongols were very good at integrating different cultures into their tribal structures.

Mongols / occasional / savage / city / so / other / city / not / resist / conquest

The Mongols occasionally savaged a city so (that) other cities would not resist (their) conquest.
The Mongols occasionally savaged cities so (that) other cities would not resist (their) conquest.

Mongols / build / large / land / empire / history

The Mongols built the largest land empire in history.

man / think / we / should / focus / what / Mongols / right

The man thinks (that) we should focus on what the Mongols did right.

1. What was your impression of Genghis Khan before you listened to this discussion? Did the discussion change your impression?
2. Which ideas or information in this discussion were most surprising to you?
3. Why do you think the Mongol Empire was so successful? Use ideas from the discussion and your own ideas.
4. Though massive, the Mongol Empire lasted a relatively short time (~100 years). Why do you think the Mongol Empire collapsed so quickly?
5. How are Genghis Khan and the Mongols used as a symbol in the modern world? (What do they symbolize?) How are they viewed in your country or culture? How do you think modern Mongolians view this history?
6. Some studies have suggested that 0.5% of the world's population are descendants of Genghis Khan. Do you believe it? Do you think you are related to Genghis Khan?
7. The man suggests that the Mongol Empire was very open and tolerant of different cultures and religions. Do you think this was a common or unique trait for most empires in history?
8. What countries today do you think are the most tolerant in this way? Why?