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Learn English with The Ezra Klein Show

Tribalism among Children

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Published: 3.16.2018   [ UPDATED OCT 2024 ]
Level 4   |   Time: 1:41
Accent:
Source: The Ezra Klein Show (2.26.2018)

TOEFL: A clip describing a study that shows how even young children show tribal instincts.

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You can download the file [ HERE ].

    

triangle Directions 목표 Direcciones Instruções

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  1. READ the VOCABULARY

    It is important to read the vocabulary before you watch the video. This will improve your ability to understand the video. It will also help you understand how the new vocabulary is used naturally.

  2. WATCH the VIDEO

    The first time you watch the video, just try to understand the overall situation.

  3. ANSWER the QUESTIONS

    First try to answer all the questions from memory. Then rewatch the video and try to answer the questions that you missed.

  4. WATCH and READ the SCRIPT

    Watch the video again while you read the script. Reading and listening at the same time will help you hear each individual word and improve your listening accuracy.

  5. DO the ACTIVITIES

    There are several different activities that focus on test preparation, vocabulary, grammar, and sentence structure.

  1. LEA el VOCABULARIO

    Es importante leer el vocabulario antes de ver el video. Esto mejorará su capacidad para comprender el video. También le ayudará a comprender cómo se usa el nuevo vocabulario de forma natural.

  2. VER el VIDEO

    La primera vez que vea el video, intente comprender la situación general.

  3. RESPONDE a las PREGUNTAS

    Primero intente responder todas las preguntas de memoria. Luego, vuelva a ver el video e intente responder las preguntas que se perdió.

  4. MIRAR Y LEER

    Mire el video nuevamente mientras lee el guión. Leer y escuchar al mismo tiempo lo ayudará a escuchar cada palabra individual y mejorará su precisión auditiva.

  5. HACER LAS ACTIVIDADES

    Hay una serie de actividades diferentes que se centran en la preparación de la examen, el vocabulario, la gramática y la estructura de las oraciones.

  1. 어휘 읽기

    비디오를 보기 전에 어휘와 배경을 읽는 것이 중요합니다. 이렇게 하면 비디오를 이해하는 능력이 향상됩니다. 또한 새로운 어휘가 어떻게 자연스럽게 사용되는지 이해하는데 도움이됩니다.

  2. 비디오 보기

    비디오를 처음 볼 때 전체 상황을 이해하려고 노력하세요.

  3. 문제에 답하기

    먼저 모든 질문에 답을 해보세요. 그런 다음 비디오를 다시보고 놓친 질문에 답해보세요.

  4. 비디오 보면서 대본 읽기

    대본을 읽는 동안 비디오를 다시 보세요. 읽기와 듣기를 동시에 하면 각각의 단어를 듣고, 듣기 정확도를 향상시킬 수 있습니다.

  5. 액티비티 하기

    듣기 정확도, 발음, 어휘, 문법 및 문장 구조에 초점을 맞춘 다양한 액티비티가 있습니다.

  1. LER o VOCABULÁRIO

    É importante ler o vocabulário antes de assistir ao vídeo. Isso melhorará sua capacidade de entender o vídeo. Também ajudará você a entender como o novo vocabulário é usado naturalmente.

  2. ASSISTA ao VÍDEO

    Na primeira vez que assistir ao vídeo, tente entender a situação geral.

  3. RESPONDA às PERGUNTAS

    Primeiro, tente responder a todas as perguntas de memória. Em seguida, assista novamente ao vídeo e tente responder às perguntas que você errou.

  4. ASSISTA e LEIA o SCRIPT

    Assista ao vídeo novamente enquanto lê o roteiro. Ler e ouvir ao mesmo tempo ajudará você a ouvir cada palavra individualmente e a melhorar sua precisão auditiva.

  5. FAÇA as ATIVIDADES

    Existem várias atividades diferentes que se concentram na preparação para o teste, vocabulário, gramática e estrutura de frases.

triangle Vocabulary 어휘 Vocabulário Vocabulario

  • ☐ ☐ ☐ tribal [adj] - showing loyalty to people that are part of your own group
  • ☐ ☐ ☐ fundamentally [adv] - at the most basic or essential level
  • ☐ ☐ ☐ exclude [v] - leave someone or something out, prevent access
  • ☐ ☐ ☐ rooted [adj] - based on
  • ☐ ☐ ☐ instincts [n] - a natural or intuitive way of acting or thinking
  • ☐ ☐ ☐ astonishing [adj] - very surprising
  • ☐ ☐ ☐ computer docks [n] - computer stations
  • ☐ ☐ ☐ moral [adj] - good or ethical, related to right and wrong
  • ☐ ☐ ☐ systematically [adv] - done or acting in a fixed plan or system
  • ☐ ☐ ☐ hard-wired [adj] - genetically determined or compelled
  • ☐ ☐ ☐ sort ourselves [exp] - divide ourselves into teams
  • ☐ ☐ ☐ flimsy [adj] - unimportant or weak
  • ☐ ☐ ☐ intensify [v] - make stronger
  • ☐ ☐ ☐ light-hearted [adj] - not serious, fun

[n] - noun,  [v] - verb, [phv] - phrasal verb,  [adj] - adjective,  [exp] - expression


triangle Comprehension Questions 이해력 검사 문제 Perguntas de compreensão Preguntas de comprensión

  1. What two fundamental instincts does the man say that people have?
    People want to belong to a group.
    People want to attack other groups.
    People want to add pople to their group.
    People want to exclude people from their group.

  2. How old were the children in the study?
    Under the age of 8
    From about 5 to 10
    10 years old

  3. How many groups did they divide the children into?
    Two
    Five
    Ten

  4. How did they show pictures to the children?
    On computers
    In magazines
    Face to face

  5. How were the children assigned their shirt color?
    Randomly
    By ethnicity
    By gender
    By age

  6. What was the relationship between the children in the study and children in the pictures?
    They were from the same cities.
    They had similar interests.
    There was no connection.

  7. How did the children wearing red shirts judge children in the pictures wearing blue shirts?
    Randomly
    Positively
    Negatively

  8. How did the children wearing red shirts judge children in the pictures wearing red shirts?
    Randomly
    Positively
    Negatively

  9. How does the woman describe this example of tribalism?
    Light-hearted
    Astonishing
    Dangerous
    Flimsy


triangle TOEFL Questions TOEFL 문제 Perguntas do TOEFL Preguntas de TOEFL

  1. What is the discussion mainly about?
    (A) A study demonstrating the power of tribalism
    (B) A study showing why children like and dislike certain people
    (C) A study on the effects of color
    (D) A study about how children choose their friends

  2. Why does the man want the woman to talk about the study?
    (A) Because the study is very recent.
    (B) Because the woman wrote about it in her book.
    (C) Because it is light-hearted example that is easy to understand.
    (D) Because it demonstrates how powerful tribalism is in people.

  3. Why were the children given different colored shirts?
    (A) To create tribal groups
    (B) To help the scientists differentiate between the children
    (C) To indicate the ages of the children
    (D) To keep the children focused and entertained

  4. How did children rate people wearing the same-colored shirts as themselves.
    (A) Positively
    (B) Negatively
    (C) Neutrally
    (D) Sometimes positively, sometimes negatively

  5. What does the woman mean when she says this?

    (A) People often use computers to put themselves into tribal groups.
    (B) People naturally want to put themselves into tribal groups.
    (C) People have to be taught to put themselves into tribal groups.
    (D) People often reject tribal groups if the connection is not strong.

  6. What will the next part of this discussion probably be about?
    (A) Some of the positive effects of tribalism
    (B) How to stop children from becoming so tribal
    (C) A more serious example of tribal behavior
    (D) How to overcome tribal behavior


triangle Sentence Building 문장 만들기 Construção de sentença Construcción de oraciones

Directions: Write sentences about the video clip using the words given. You can change the word form or add words, but you cannot change the word order.
( ) = optional   [ ] = necessary

Instrucciones: Escriba oraciones sobre el videoclip usando las palabras dadas. Puede cambiar la forma de la palabra o agregar palabras, pero no puede cambiar el orden de las palabras.

Instrucciones: Escreva orações sobre o videoclipe usando as palavras-chave. Você pode alterar a forma da palavra ou adicionar palavras, mas não pode alterar a ordem das palavras.

지시 : 주어진 단어를 사용하여 비디오 클립에 대한 문장을 씁니다. 어형을 변경하거나 단어를 추가할 수 있지만 어순은 변경할 수 없습니다.



Sentence 1

recent / study / show / how / deep / ingrain / our / tribe / instinct / even / trivia / situation


A recent study [has shown/shows/showed] how deeply ingrained our tribal instincts are, even in trivial situations.
A recent study [has shown/shows/showed] how deeply ingrained our tribal instinct is, even in trivial situations.



Sentence 2

child / random / divide / two / group / one / wear / red / shirt / and / other / blue


Children were randomly divided into two groups, one wearing red shirts and the other (wearing) blue (shirts).



Sentence 3

when / show / picture / other / child / they / consistent / rate / those / wear / own / team / color / smart / kind / moral


When (they were) shown pictures of other children, they consistently rated those (children) (who were) wearing their own team's color (as) smarter, kinder, and more moral.



Sentence 4

they / also / remember / more / good / thing / people / wear / own / color / and / more / bad / thing / people / wear / oppose / color


They also remembered more good things about people wearing their color and more bad things about people wearing the [opposing/opposite] color.



Sentence 5

this / show / how / easy / we / sort / self / group / and / favor / our / own / even / base / something / as / arbitrary / shirt / color


This (study) shows how easily we sort ourselves into groups and favor our own, even based on something as arbitrary as shirt color.



triangle Discussion 논의 Questões de discussão Discusión

  1. What did they do in the study? How did the children behave in the study?
  2. What do the speakers believe this study demonstrates? Do you agree? Why?
  3. Imagine you were in this study wearing a red or blue shirt. How do you think you would feel about the "other" group, even if it were just for fun?
  4. Why do you think humans are so quick to form in-groups and out-groups, even based on something as trivial as shirt color?
  5. Can you think of any personal experiences in which you’ve noticed people forming groups based on arbitrary factors? How did that affect the group dynamic?
  6. What are the potential dangers of this hard-wired tribal instinct in larger societal contexts?
  7. Have you ever found yourself rooting (cheering) for a team or a group just because of something random, like their name or color? What was the situation?

triangle Script 대본 Roteiro Texto

We are fundamentally very tribal. The instinct to both belong to a group and to exclude to other groups is one of our deepest, most fundamentally rooted instincts. And I'd like you to describe a study that you talk about in the book, which is what happened when researchers just gave children red shirts and blue shirts because I think it's such a great example of how deep this runs in us.

Well, this is astonishing. They took a group of random kids, I don't know between the ages of 5 and 10 I think, and they just randomly assigned half of them red t-shirts and the other half blue. And then they put them at these computer docks and showed them pictures of very similar kinds of kids, but some wearing blue t-shirts and some wearing red t-shirts. And they investigators, the researchers, asked a bunch of questions.

And it was absolutely astounding. These children, without knowing a thing about the people you know whose pictures that we're seeing, would consistently say that the people wearing the shirt color that was on their quote unquote team, even though they never met these people, they would rate them as smarter, better, more moral. When told stories about both groups, they would systematically remember all the good things about the people wearing their shirt color and all the bad things about people wearing the other shirt color.

So, what this shows is just how hard-wired we are to want to sort ourselves into these groups, even along the flimsiest of lines. I mean, these people don't even know each other. And when you intensify these studies, it gets it gets a lot worse. I mean this is just kind of a light-hearted example.